Educating the Nation
Educating the Nation
The rise of mass African nationalism in Tanganyika—led by the Tanganyika African National Union’s Julius Nyerere—provided new momentum in the 1950s to eradicate inequalities created by the colonial racialization of education. Anticolonial nationalists and ordinary citizens alike mobilized alternative visions of race to imagine an integrated independent nation. Despite Tanzania’s eventual success in unifying school systems and expanding access to education in the 1960s and 1970s, overall the national socialist plan to build an egalitarian society failed. The language of race remained useful after independence to attack educational disparities as antinational, despite the nonracial character of Nyerere’s mainstream nationalism. From the mid-1980s, economic liberalization subsequently widened class differentiation and increased social segregation in part through the spread of private schools. As the state and communities constructed schools to educate future generations, each negotiated nationalist sentiments that struggled to accommodate the continuing presence of an older Indian Ocean diaspora.
Keywords: Tanganyika, Tanzania, education, nationalism, Tanganyika African National Union, Julius Nyerere, race, diaspora, liberalization, Indian Ocean
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