This chapter examines new eco-regimes of volunteerism and ecological consciousness in both city and natural parks during the 1990s and early twenty-first century. During the 1990s and early 2000s, civic-minded Japanese increasingly engaged with ecological issues in general and open space planning in particular, in both city and natural parks. Since World War II, Japanese leaders have devoted enormous resources to bringing green spaces to their cities but relatively fewer to protecting the nation's seemingly abundant countryside environment. This chapter first considers the issue of wildlife protection that affected natural parks and other preserves in the early 2000s, along with the international recognition received by Japanese national parks and other landscapes as World Heritage sites and Ramsar Convention wetlands. It also discusses the emergence of a new forest culture aimed at attracting visitors to the recreation areas within national forests; the emergence of eco-regimes that sought to restore rural interfaces between farms and forests; and the ecotourism spawned by natural parks and national forests.