This chapter describes how the Ottoman millet system was reintroduced in an Indonesian context. It contends that the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA) in Indonesia appears to be a replica of this system. The MORA has not only helped reinforce national legal development by eliminating the remnants of the Dutch colonial legal structure that was based mostly on racial or ethnic groups, but has actually initiated attempts to develop a new legal system that differentiates citizens based on their religions. Extracting some functions related to Islam from other departments, such as the religious courts, education, and information services, the MORA rode the paradigm of nation-state to transform the Ottoman millet system into its new Indonesian version.