Social, Cultural, and Spiritual Struggles of the Japanese in Hawai‘i
Social, Cultural, and Spiritual Struggles of the Japanese in Hawai‘i
The Case of Okumura Takie and Imamura Yemyo and Americanization
This chapter demonstrates the social and spiritual dynamics between Buddhist and Christian Japanese communities during the interwar period. On that note, two spiritual leaders, Imamura Yemyo of Honpa Hongwanji Mission and Okumura Takie of Makiki Christian Church, were conspicuous among the Japanese. They appear to stand for different sets of Japanese ideas and values in the face of tense social conditions and changing international relations between Japan and the United States. The chapter also addresses how the two leaders respond to the critical issues of the period such as nationalism, citizenship, ethnicity, and spirituality as well as their contributions to the struggles of the beikaundou, or “Americanization” movement, in the Japanese community.
Keywords: Buddhist, Christian, Imamura Yemyo, Honpa Hongwanji Mission, Okumura Takie, Makiki Christian Church
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